The first one was proclaimed in Ballia, in East U P, in August 1942 under the leadership of Chittu Pande, who called himself a Gandhian. Though it succeeded in getting the Collector to hand over power and release all the arrested Congress leaders, it could not survive for long and when the soldiers marched in, a week after the parallel government was formed, they found that the leaders had fled.
In Tamluk, in the Midnapur district of Bengal, the Jatiya Sarkar came into existence on 17 December 1942 and lasted till September 1944. Tamluk was an area where Gandhian constructive work had made considerable headway and it was also the scene of earlier mass struggles. The Jatiya Sarkar undertook cyclone relief work, gave grants to schools. It also organized an armed Vidyut Vahini.
It also set up arbitration courts and distributed the surplus paddy of the well-to-do to the poor. Being located in a relatively remote area, it could continue its activities with comparative ease.
Satara, in Maharashtra, emerged as the base of the longest-lasting and effective parallel government (1942-45). From the very beginning of the Quit India Movement, the region played an active role. The Prati Sarkar continued to function till 1945.
In the first phase from August 1942, there were marches on local government headquarters, sabotage, attacks on post offices, the looting of banks and the cutting of telegraph wires. Y.B. Chavan was the important leader during the first phase. But by the end of 1942, this phase came to an end with the arrest of about two thousand people.
